Variations in how individuals metabolize drugs can also play a role. Some people may metabolize a drug into a toxic compound that triggers the immune response leading to SJS
Drug metabolism plays a significant role in the development of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS). Here are some key points:
- Enzyme Variations: Genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes can lead to the production of reactive metabolites. These metabolites can bind to proteins in the skin, triggering an immune response that leads to SJS.
- Toxic Metabolites: Some individuals metabolize certain drugs into toxic compounds that can cause severe skin reactions. For example, the metabolism of anticonvulsants like carbamazepine and phenytoin can produce reactive metabolites that trigger SJS.
- Genetic Predisposition: Specific genetic markers, such as HLA-B*1502 in individuals of Asian descent, can increase the risk of SJS when exposed to certain medications. These genetic factors influence how drugs are metabolized and can lead to adverse reactions.
- Immune Response: The immune system's response to these toxic metabolites involves the activation of T-cells, which attack the skin and mucous membranes, causing the symptoms of SJS.
Understanding these metabolic pathways and genetic factors can help identify individuals at higher risk for SJS and guide safer medication use.